- ZA-COM-04265
- Person
Showing 13072 results
People and Organisations- ZA-COM-04266
- Person
- ZA-COM-04273
- Person
- ZA-COM-04272
- Person
- ZA-COM-04338
- Person
- ZA-COM-04332
- Person
- ZA-COM-04320
- Person
- ZA-COM-04327
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- ZA-COM-04329
- Person
- ZA-COM-04330
- Person
- ZA-COM-04325
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- ZA-COM-04337
- Person
- ZA-COM-04333
- Person
- ZA-COM-04340
- Person
- 1905–1988
Anglican Bishop of Zululand and Swaziland from 1968 to 1975 and president of the World Council of Churches during the 1960s. He and Chief Albert Luthuli co-founded the Natal Bantu Cane Growers' Association in 1942 and in the same year they both joined the ANC. After retiring as bishop in 1975 he broke with the ANC, over the issue of non-violence, and became National Chairperson of the Inkatha Freedom Party.
Kathrada, Ahmed Mohamed (Kathy)
- ZA-COM-01971
- Person
- 08 August 1929 - 28 March 2017
Anti-apartheid activist, politician, political prisoner and MP. Leading member of the ANC and of the SACP. Founding member of the Transvaal Indian Volunteer Corps and its successor, the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress. Imprisoned for one month in 1946 for his participation in the SAIC’s Passive Resistance Campaign against the Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act. Convicted for his participation in the 1952 Defiance Campaign. Banned in 1954. Co-organiser of the Congress of the People and a member of the Congress Alliance General Purpose Committee. Detained during the 1960 State of Emergency. One of the last twenty-eight accused in the Treason Trial acquitted in 1961. Placed under house arrest in 1962. Arrested at Liliesleaf Farm in July 1963 and charged with sabotage in the Rivonia Trial. Imprisoned on Robben Island, 1964–82, then Pollsmoor Prison until his release on 15 October 1989. MP from 1994, after South Africa’s first democratic elections, and served as political adviser to President Mandela.
African National Congress National Executive Committee (ANC NEC) members
- ZA-COM-04279
- Family
- ZA-COM-03394
- Person
- 1949–
Civil servant. He was Chief Director of Corporate Services in the pre-1994 President’s Office and continued to serve in the post during Nelson Mandela’s presidency.
- ZA-COM-02094
- Person
- 5 Sep 1987 -
- ZA-COM-02999
- Person
- 14 March 1958 -
- ZA-COM-02092
- Person
- 23 January 1957 -
- ZA-COM-00088
- Person
Many lawyers attended to Nelson Mandela’s legal and related matters during his incarceration. The Cape Town based legal firm Bernadt, Vukic, Potash & Getz (formerly Frank, Bernadt & Joffe) coordinated the work in the period 1966 – 1990. In 2004 Himan Bernadt presented the Centre of Memory with the firm’s legal files on Mandela.
- ZA-COM-04119
- Person
- 1920-2002
Architect and anti-apartheid activist. Leading member of the Communist Party of South Africa. Founding member and leader of the Congress of Democrats, one of the participating organisations in the 1955 Congress of the People at which the Freedom Charter was adopted. Defendant in the 1956 Treason Trial. After being acquitted in the Rivonia Trial, he and his wife, Hilda, went into exile (they crossed into neighbouring Botswana on foot). He remained a leading member of the ANC, whilst practising as an architect.
- ZA-COM-02173
- Person
- ZA-COM-02104
- Person
- 18 December 1946 - 12 September 1977
Anti-apartheid activist and African nationalist. Leader of the Black Consciousness Movement. Founder of the South African Students Organisation (SASO), 1968, and its president in 1969. Co-founder of the Black People’s Convention in 1972. Banned and forbidden from participating in political activities in 1973. Arrested and murdered by the police, September 1977.
- ZA-COM-00233
- Person
Stanley Boner was a chartered accountant and partner in the firm Leveson, Boner and Company. The firm served as auditor for Cecil T. Holmes Enterprises (Pty) Ltd. in 1963. He testified for the prosecution at the Rivonia Trial.
- ZA-COM-00206
- Corporate body
- ZA-COM-01491
- Person
- ZA-COM-00705
- Person
- 1931-2012
Lawyer, civil activist and judge. He defended liberation movement members in several political trials including the Rivonia Trial. In 1978 he helped establish the Legal Resources Centre (LRC), a non-profit organisation which used law to pursue justice and human rights. He became the first president of South Africa’s new Constitutional Court in 1994 and was Chief Justice from 2001 until retirement in 2005.
- ZA-COM-01044
- Person
- 19 September 1953 -
- ZA-COM-02207
- Person
- 28 February 1954 -
- ZA-COM-00243
- Person
- ZA-COM-00256
- Person
- ZA-COM-00280
- Person
- 1925–1982
Academic, journalist and anti-apartheid and women’s rights activist. Married Joe Slovo, 1949. Met Mandela while attending the University of the Witwatersrand. Arrested, charged and then acquitted in the Treason Trial. Fled to Swaziland with her children during the 1960 State of Emergency. Detained in solitary confinement for ninety days in 1963 and fled to the UK on her release. Lived in exile in Mozambique from 1977 and was killed by a parcel bomb there on 17 August 1982.
- ZA-COM-01758
- Person
- ZA-COM-00341
- Corporate body
- ZA-COM-03992
- Person
- 1921 - 5 July 1984
- ZA-COM-00689
- Person
- ZA-COM-01157
- Person
- 8 April 1938 -
- ZA-COM-02968
- Person
- 1942 -
Retired Nigerian Army General who was Military Head of State from 9 June 1998 until 29 May 1999 who succeeded Sani Abacha. Led Nigeria’s contingent in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon and eventually rose to the position of Chief of Defence Staff. Abubakar was one of the few generals in the Nigerian army who rose to the top without holding political office. He has held only command and military positions, and has, in general, stayed out of the political limelight. It was during his leadership that Nigeria adopted its new constitution in May 1999. Abubakar transferred power to president-elect Olusegun Obasanjo on May 29, 1999. He is retired and still lives in Nigeria.
African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
- ZA-COM-04207
- Corporate body
Founded in 1944 by Nelson Mandela, Anton Lembede, Walter Sisulu, A. P. Mda and Oliver Tambo as a reaction to the ANC’s more conservative outlook. Its activities included civil disobedience and strikes in protest against the apartheid system. Many members left and formed the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) in 1959. Banned between 1960 and 1990.
- ZA-COM-02989
- Person
- 23 June 1937 -
A skilled diplomat and mediator who worked as the United Nations (UN) commissioner for Namibia (1977 – 981) and led the UN team that supervised Namibia’s transition to independence (1989 – 90). In 1994 he became the president of Finland, and urged his nation’s entry into the European Union (EU), and for the first half of 1999, Finland assumed the EU’s rotating presidency.
- ZA-COM-03273
- Person
- 1936-2012
Academic, political and anti-apartheid activist. Founder of the National Liberation Front (NLF) against the apartheid government. Convicted of sabotage in 1962 and imprisoned on Robben Island for ten years. Awarded the Lingua Pax Prize for his contribution to the promotion of multilingualism in post-apartheid South Africa, 2008.
- ZA-COM-03925
- Person
- 8 October 1934 - 22 June 2011
Anti-apartheid activist, academic and politician. An activist from an early age in Natal, he spent many years in exile in Ireland. He has a founder of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement, He was a member of the ANC’s Constitutional Committee from its establishment in 1986. Elected to the ANC NEC in July 1991, he served as a minister of water affairs and forestry from 1994 to 1999 and minister of education from 1999 to 2004.
Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO)
- ZA-COM-03056
- Corporate body
Formed in 1978 after the crackdown on the Black Consciousness Movement, sought to fill the political vacuum left by the banning of the ANC and PAC.
- ZA-COM-02472
- Person
- 1937–2011
Lawyer and anti-apartheid activist. Imprisoned on Robben Island between 1965 and 1975 with Mandela with whom he shared a birthday. He served as a mediator for the Independent Electoral Committee in 1994, when the first democratic election took place in South Africa. At the time of his passing he had served as the Judge President of the Land Claims Court for 15 years - the longest serving judicial officer in this capacity.
- ZA-COM-03072
- Person
Civil servant and academic. Professor of political studies at the University of the Orange Free State, 1978. Head of South Africa’s Intelligence Service, 1980–92. Held clandestine meetings with Mandela in prison in preparation for his subsequent release and rise to political power. This included facilitating meetings between Mandela and Presidents P.W. Botha and, later, F.W. de Klerk. Director-general Western Cape Provincial Administration, 1996 to 2001.
Bengu, Sibusiso Mandlenkosi Emmanuel
- ZA-COM-02677
- Person
- 1934-
Academic and politician. Served as secretary-general of Inkatha Freedom Party but due to differences with Mangosuthu Buthelezi left South Africa in 1978 and served as secretary for research and social action for the Lutheran World Foundation. Abroad he became friends with Oliver Tambo, then acting President of the African National Congress. Returned in 1991 to become the first black vice-chancellor of Fort Hare University. Became a minister of education in 1994 and 1999 served as South Africa's ambassador to Germany.
- ZA-COM-01320
- Person
- 23 February 1946 -
Anti-apartheid activist, priest, orator. In 1982 Boesak persuaded members of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches to declare apartheid a heresy and to suspend membership of the white South African churches; he served as president of the alliance from 1982 to 1991. In 1983 he helped form the United Democratic Front (UDF) and was arrested a number of times for his opposition to apartheid. In the 1990s he was convicted of theft and fraud, and served one year of a three-year sentence before receiving a presidential pardon by President Thabo Mbeki.
- ZA-COM-00887
- Person
Long-serving foreign minister in apartheid administrations, oversaw many important transitions, including the end of the Angolan Civil War and Namibian independence. In February 1986 he told a German journalist that he would gladly serve under a black president in the future. Served as minister of mineral and energy affairs in South Africa's first post-apartheid government from 1994 to 1996 under President Nelson Mandela.
- ZA-COM-03152
- Person
- 1959
Anti-apartheid activist. Instrumental in the formation of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in the Western Cape serving as general secretary after its launch. Deputy Secretary General of the ANC under Nelson Mandela. Helped negotiate the new South African constitution and in drafting of post-apartheid ANC policy. She was the South Africa's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1998 to 2001.
- ZA-COM-02426
- Person
- 1943-2011
President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. He defeated long time Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda in the 1991 elections.
- ZA-COM-02106
- Person
- 22 October 1939 -
Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA)
- ZA-COM-03941
The platform in which nineteen political groups met from December 1991 to negotiate a new dispensation for South Africa. The negotiations took place at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, near Johannesburg. At CODESA 1, a Declaration of Intent was signed and five working groups were appointed to develop a new constitution for a democratic South Africa, make arrangements for an interim government and decide upon the future of homelands, among other issues. However, during CODESA 2, which commenced in May 1992, talks broke down over discussions around majority rule and power sharing. More than a month later, in June, Mandela suspended talks following allegations of police involvement in the massacre at Boipatong. Eventually, behind-the-scenes meetings between cabinet minister Roelf Meyer and ANC member Cyril Ramaphosa were followed by the resumption of the negotiations through the Multiparty Negotiating Forum, which met for the first time on 1 April 1993.
- ZA-COM-03287
- Person
- 1931–2000
National Party politician, lawyer, administrator and negotiator. Deputy minister for defence and national intelligence, 1978. Minister of justice, 1980. Held meetings with Mandela from 1985 about creating conditions for talks between the National Party and the ANC. Elected President of the Senate following South Africa’s first democratic elections in 1994.
- ZA-COM-03292
- Corporate body
Established in the 1950s by ANC, South African Indian Congress (SAIC), Congress of Democrats (COD) and the South African Coloured People’s Organisation. When the South Africa Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) was established in 1955, it became the fifth member. It was instrumental in organising the Congress of the People and mobilising clauses for inclusion in the Freedom Charter. After the ANC and SACP were unbanned it was succeeded by the Tripartite Alliance of ANC, SACP and COSATU, joined later by the South African National Civic Organisation (SANCO).
Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- ZA-COM-03442
- Corporate body
National trade union federation formed in 1985 in alignment with the ANC and a founding member of the Tripartite Alliance of ANC, SACP and COSATU.
- ZA-COM-04223
- Person
- 14 Sep 1923 - 16 Sep 2007
Chief justice, 1989 to 96. First met Mandela while visiting Robben Island. He later administered the oath of office when Parliament elected Mandela as president of South Africa on 9 May 1994, and the next day at his inauguration.
- ZA-COM-00675
- Person
- 1928–2017
Political activist. Member of the Liberal Party of South Africa. Member of the African Resistance Movement which sabotaged non-human targets as a statement against the government. Served a fifteen-year sentence in Robben Island Prison where he was held in B section with Mandela. He was banned immediately after his release in 1979. Received the Order of Luthuli in Silver from the South African government in 2005. Mandela calls him ‘Danie’
- ZA-COM-02471
- Person
Pastor and anti-apartheid activist. He was imprisoned on Robben Island for his activities as a member of the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM).
- ZA-COM-02167
- Corporate body
A small opposition party in the white apartheid parliament. It originated in 1989 under the leadership of Zac de Beer who was succeeded by Tony Leon in 1994. In 2000 made a short-lived alliance with the New National Party, after which it kept the name Democratic Alliance.
- ZA-COM-01929
- Person
- 27 January 1949 -
Medical doctor, anti-apartheid activist, politician. Completed a medical degree at the University of Bristol, 1978, then worked for the ANC’s Regional Health Committee and later Health and Refugee Trust, a British non-government organisation. Returned to South Africa after the ANC was legalised and took part in the negotiations at CODESA. Appointed health minister, 1994. Minister of foreign affairs (1999–2009) under President Mbeki and under President Motlanthe. Served as minister of home affairs under, President Jacob Zuma, from 10 May 2009 to 2 October 2012. President of the African Union from late 2012 until early 2017.
- ZA-COM-03443
- Person
- 1942-
President of Angola from 1979 to 2017 and leader of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) which fought against the Portuguese army in the struggle for liberation.
- ZA-COM-02447
- Person
- 1948-
Politician, trade unionist and academic. Participated, on the side of the ANC, in the negotiations to bring an end to white minority rule and was a member of the Development and Reconstruction Committee. Elected to the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the ANC in 1990. Deputy minister of finance in Mandela’s first cabinet, then minister of trade and industry. Minister of public enterprises under President Mbeki from 29 April 2004 to 25 September 2008.
- ZA-COM-01507
- Person
- ZA-COM-03465
- Person
- 1945–
Civil servant. Appointed by President Nelson Mandela as the first national commissioner of the new South African Police Service. His primary responsibility was to unite eleven policing agencies into a single united South African Police Service and secondly to align the new police service to new legislation and the process of transformation in South Africa. When his term of office expired in January 2000, he was succeeded by National Commissioner Jackie Selebi.
- ZA-COM-02489
- Person
- 1960–
Politician and anti-apartheid activist. Went into exile in 1980 and joined the ANC and then Umkhonto weSizwe and became a member of the South African Communist Party (SACP). On return from exile in 1990 she served as an official in the relaunched SACP. She was deputy minister of welfare and population development from 1995 till 1996 when she became the minister. She was minister of public service and administration from 1999 to 2008.
- ZA-COM-01537
- Person
- 25 April 1932 -
Anti-apartheid activist, journalist, politician, member of the ANC. Left South Africa in 1960 after helping to establish safe escape routes for anti-apartheid activists. She helped Oliver Tambo and Yusuf Dadoo to set up the first office in exile for the ANC. A journalist, she became the managing editor of two Tanzanian English-language newspapers, The Standard and Sunday News. She returned to South Africa in 1991. The first woman to serve as the speaker of Parliament in South Africa, she held this position from 1994 to 2004.
- ZA-COM-03470
- Person
- 1870s–c1947
Political activist and newspaper editor. Co-founded the ANC, 8 January 1912 (as the South African Native National Congress). In 1906 he travelled to England to discuss land claims of the Sotho people. President of the ANC, 1927–30. His son, Archie Gumede, was an ANC activist and served time in prison. Nelson Mandela corresponded with him from prison.
- ZA-COM-03920
- Person
- 1946-
Politician. Gusmao was a leader The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin). He was captured by invading Indonesian forces and sentenced to life imprisonment. After United Nations sponsored negotiations a cease-fire was established and East Timor became independent. Gusmao became president in 2002.
- ZA-COM-03977
- Person
- 1920-1995
School teacher and political activist. Worked in the underground of the ANC until his arrest in 1964. Charged for sabotage and sentenced to eight years in prison which he served on Robben Island. Continued his activism on his release in 1972 and in 1977 he was sentenced to life imprisonment and returned to Robben Island. He was released early, in November 1988, as he was suffering from motor neuron disease, which had robbed him of the use of his arms. Elected to the National Executive Committee of the ANC, 1991. After the election in 1994 he served on the KwaZulu-Natal legislature.
- ZA-COM-01924
- Person
- 1953–
Anti-apartheid activist and politician. He was imprisoned for giving the ANC information about the apartheid defence force's support for the rebel Mozambican movement, Renamo. He went into exile and returned in 1990 to work for the ANC. He has held several ministerial posts, first as minister of agriculture and land affairs from 1994 to 1999 and later science & technology; and then tourism.
- ZA-COM-01757
- Person
- 28 June 1942 - 10 April 1993
Anti-apartheid and political activist. Member of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) from the age of fifteen. He also joined the SACP. Member and eventually head of MK. He was active in the ANC underground in the Eastern and Western Capes, and eventually went into exile, where he rose through the ranks of MK. Returned to South Africa in 1990. General secretary of the SACP from 1991. Assassinated outside his home in Johannesburg in 1993 by Janusz Walus. Posthumously awarded the ANC’s highest honour, Isitwalandwe Seaparankoe, in 2008.
- ZA-COM-00159
- Person
- 1915–1974
Journalist, intellectual, trade unionist and anti-apartheid activist. Leading member of the SACP and editor of The African Communist. Member of MK. Assisted in the establishment of the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU). Co-founder of the COD. Continuously banned. The SACP asked him to go into exile in 1962, where he played a prominent role in the SACP, ANC and MK.
- ZA-COM-02338
- Person
- 1936–
Politician and maize farmer. Served as minister of education in the cabinet of P. W. Botha, 1979–82. One of the more conservative members of the National Party, he left the ruling party in 1982 to establish the Conservative Party (CP). Served under Andries Treurnicht as the deputy leader of the party, then led the party after Treurnicht’s death in 1993. The CP boycotted the 1994 elections in South Africa. Was the second and last leader of the CP when it merged with the Freedom Front and the Afrikaner Unity Party in 2004 to form the Freedom Front Plus. Retired from politics after the merger.
- ZA-COM-00649
- Corporate body
- 1855–
Healdtown was a college in the Eastern Cape, a mission school of the Methodist church. Nelson Mandela enrolled at the college when he was 19 years old.
- ZA-COM-04089
- Person
- 1954–1994
Priest and academic theologian. As moderator of the NGK (Nederlandse Gereformeerde Kerk, Dutch Reformed Church) Heyns sought to lead the church away from its segregated past. He was a Broederbond member, prominent in Afrikaner cultural groups and Dean of Pretoria University's theological faculty. Before the 1994 election he facilitated moves to bring the church and political parties to a consensus on moral and other issues. He was shot dead in his home, by unknown persons, in 1994.
Holomisa, Bantubonke Harrington
- ZA-COM-01136
- Person
- 25 July 1955 -
Politician, military commander. Began his military career in the Transkei Defence Force in 1976 and rose to the rank of brigadier by 1985. Forced the prime minister of the so-called independent state of Transkei to resign in October 1987, and two months later overthrew his successor, Stella Sigcau. Commander of the Transkei Defence Force and head of its government from 1987 until 1994 when it was reintegrated into South Africa. Elected onto the National Executive Committee of the ANC in 1994 and served as deputy minister of environment and tourism under President Mandela. Expelled from the ANC on 30 September 1996 after accusing the party of corruption. In 1997 he co-founded the United Democratic Movement (UDM), a party which he has led in Parliament since 1999.
- ZA-COM-04137
- Person
- 1913–1998
Priest and anti-apartheid activist. Came to South Africa in 1940 and joined the Community of the Resurrection mission in Sophiatown in 1943. With the community he resisted the enforcement of apartheid laws, and wrote a book ‘Naught for your comfort’ which did much to enlarge international awareness of the violent nature of apartheid rule. With fears for his safety he was recalled to Britain in 1955. Awarded the ANC’s highest honour, Isitwalandwe Seaparankoe, in 1955 at the Congress of the People. Returned briefly to South Africa in 1991.
- ZA-COM-02171
- Corporate body
Originally the Inkatha National Cultural Liberation Movement, known as Inkatha, it was established by Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi in 1975. Established as a political party on 14 July 1990 with Buthelezi elected as the leader. It promoted a federalist national government which would provide regional autonomy. The IFP joined the Freedom Alliance, a coalition with white right-wing groups to oppose the ANC. It threatened to boycott the 1994 elections but joined at the eleventh hour. It obtained 10.5 per cent of the national vote and three cabinet positions in President Nelson Mandela’s government. The IFP threatened to leave the GNU but did not.
- ZA-COM-00970
- Person
- 22 May 1942-
Anti-apartheid activist and politician. Worked for the ANC in London from 1975. Head of the ANC research division, 1979–88, based at the Centre for African Studies at Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo, Mozambique, where, in 1982, he was badly injured when a parcel bomb sent by the apartheid regime exploded in the office, leaving him deaf in one ear and killing his colleague, anti-apartheid activist Ruth First. Minister of posts, telecommunications and broadcasting in Mandela’s government, 1994–96. Minister of environmental affairs and tourism, 1996–99. Minister of arts and culture under President Mbeki, 2004–09.
- ZA-COM-03494
- Person
- 1905–1992
Teacher, social worker and anti-apartheid and women’s rights activist. Founding member of the COD. National secretary of Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW). Leading organiser of the Women’s March of 20,000 women to Pretoria’s Union Buildings. An accused in the 1956 Treason Trial. Placed under house arrest in 1962. Helped care for Zindziswa and Zenani Mandela when their parents were both imprisoned. Awarded the ANC’s highest honour, Isitwalandwe Seaparankoe, in 1992.
- ZA-COM-04144
- Person
- 1948–
King of the Zulu nation. Installed after the death of his father, King Cyprian Bhekhuzulu kaSolomon, in 1968. A regent was appointed until he became of age. After his twenty-first birthday and his first marriage, Zwelithini was installed as the eighth monarch of the Zulu people on 3 December 1971.
- ZA-COM-03888
- Person
- 27 Nov 1939 - 16 Jan 2001
Politician. Led a military ousting of Mobutu Sese Seko, the president of Zaire. Kabila took office as President and the country was renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo as it had been before Mobutu’s presidency. Kabila was assassinated in 2001.
- ZA-COM-03410
- Person
Businessman. Chief executive officer, South African Police Service, 1997–99. Group MD for brewer SABMiller (formerly South African Breweries), 1981–2012 and also as its executive chairman, 1990–2012.
- ZA-COM-02661
- Person
- 1968–
Politician. He became foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo when Laurent Kabila took power from Mobutu. He fled the country when Kabila was assassinated.
- ZA-COM-01746
- Person
- 1932–
Judge. Appointed chairperson of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), December 1993. The IEC’s mandate was to deliver South Africa’s first elections based on universal adult suffrage. One of the first to be appointed to the Constitutional Court, 1994. His term ended in 2002. Since retirement, has carried out work on five continents for the United Nations, the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and a host of nongovernmental organisations. Currently deputy chairperson of the Board of Section27, a public interest law centre seeking to achieve equality and social justice in South Africa.
- ZA-COM-00928
- Person
- 29 October 1970-
Civil servant, private secretary and personal assistant to Nelson Mandela during his presidential years and afterwards; and author of a book ‘Good morning, Mr Mandela’ recounting her experience of serving him.
- ZA-COM-03032
- Person
- 1914-1947
Politician, teacher and lawyer. He was founding president of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL). His thinking played a large part in the articulation of the "Programme of Action" adopted by the ANC in 1949 meeting of the African National Congress. He served articles under Dr Pixley ka-Isaka Seme.
- ZA-COM-00670
- Person
- 1934-
Banker, politician. Worked his way up from the position of messenger in a bank to become one of the top bankers in South Africa, serving as the CEO of Nedbank. Minister of finance under President Mandela 1994–96. Mandela asked him to take over from Derek Keys who resigned as finance minister months into his presidency.
- ZA-COM-04298
- Person
- 1898 - 21 Jul 1967
Teacher, anti-apartheid activist and minister of religion. Chief of Groutville Reserve. President general of the ANC, 1952–67. From 1953 he was confined to his home by government bans. Defendant in the 1956 Treason Trial. Sentenced to six months (suspended) in 1960 after publicly burning his passbook and calling for a national day of mourning following the Sharpeville Massacre. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960 for his non-violent role in the struggle against apartheid. Awarded the ANC’s highest honour, Isitwalandwe Seaparankoe, in 1955 at the Congress of the People.
- ZA-COM-01683
- Person
- 1948-
Umkhonto we Sizwe combatant. In the 1980s after 10 years on Robben Island worked with Inkatha, helping build their paramilitary capacity and commanded hit squads. He gave valuable testimony to the Truth and Reconciliation. He co-authored a book about his experiences, ‘Fighting for a Divided People’.
- ZA-COM-00543
- Person
- ZA-COM-02537
- Person
- 1952–
Anti-apartheid activist, politician, and lawyer. Detained in 1976 and charged an acquitted twice before leaving the country and working for the ANC in exile. Involved in the ANC’s development of its approach to a democratic constitution and then in the negotiations process from 1990. He became deputy minister of home affairs in 1994, minister of mineral and energy affairs in 1996 and minister of justice and constitutional development in 1999.
- ZA-COM-02558
- Person
- 1931–2000
Lawyer and chief justice. He defended many anti-apartheid activists and liberation movement members in trials and played a leading role in challenges to the government's administrative and executive decrees. He co-chaired the Conference for a Democratic South Africa (Codesa).He was appointed to the Constitutional Court in 1994 and served as Chief Justice from 1998 to 2000.
- ZA-COM-02116
- Person
- 1935 -
Academic, politician, political and anti-apartheid activist, political prisoner and MP. Leading member of the ANC, SACP and MK. Convicted of sabotage in 1964 and sentenced to twelve years’ imprisonment which he served on Robben Island. Helped to secretly transcribe Mandela’s autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, and smuggled it out of prison when he was released in 1976. Commanded Operation Vulindlela (Vula), an ANC underground operation to establish an internal underground leadership. Maharaj served on the secretariat of CODESA. Minister of transport, 1994–99. Envoy to President Jacob Zuma.
- ZA-COM-02918
- Person
- 1930–2011
Soldier and politician. In 1976, he became chief of the South African Defence Force and four years later minister of defence. He left office in 1991, following revelations of secret government funding to the Inkatha Freedom Party and other opponents of the ANC. In 1995 he was charged with other former senior military officers – and eventually acquitted – with responsibility for a massacre at KwaMakutha in Natal.
- ZA-COM-02433
- Person
- 1947–
Academic author and anti-apartheid activist. He was a chair of the South African Students Organisation (SASO) and a national organiser of the Black People’s Convention (BPC). He was arrested and imprisoned on Robben Island. On release he was banned and put under house arrest. He went to exile in 1980 and returned in 1994, becoming president of the Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO). He was a member of parliament, deputy minister of education and later minister of science and technology.
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