NMF Archive

A Swiss non-profit foundation established in 1971 which is ‘committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas’. Each year it convenes a meeting in Davos that brings together some 2,500 business leaders, international political leaders, economists, celebrities and journalists to discuss pressing issues facing the world. Regional forums are held each year, including in Africa.

Bryanston Plumbing

ZA-COM-00206
Corporate body

Amateur Photography

ZA-COM-00341
Corporate body

African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)

ZA-COM-04207
Corporate body

Founded in 1944 by Nelson Mandela, Anton Lembede, Walter Sisulu, A. P. Mda and Oliver Tambo as a reaction to the ANC’s more conservative outlook. Its activities included civil disobedience and strikes in protest against the apartheid system. Many members left and formed the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) in 1959. Banned between 1960 and 1990.

Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO)

ZA-COM-03056
Corporate body

Formed in 1978 after the crackdown on the Black Consciousness Movement, sought to fill the political vacuum left by the banning of the ANC and PAC.

Congress Alliance

ZA-COM-03292
Corporate body

Established in the 1950s by ANC, South African Indian Congress (SAIC), Congress of Democrats (COD) and the South African Coloured People’s Organisation. When the South Africa Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) was established in 1955, it became the fifth member. It was instrumental in organising the Congress of the People and mobilising clauses for inclusion in the Freedom Charter. After the ANC and SACP were unbanned it was succeeded by the Tripartite Alliance of ANC, SACP and COSATU, joined later by the South African National Civic Organisation (SANCO).

Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)

ZA-COM-03442
Corporate body

National trade union federation formed in 1985 in alignment with the ANC and a founding member of the Tripartite Alliance of ANC, SACP and COSATU.

Democratic Party (DP)

ZA-COM-02167
Corporate body

A small opposition party in the white apartheid parliament. It originated in 1989 under the leadership of Zac de Beer who was succeeded by Tony Leon in 1994. In 2000 made a short-lived alliance with the New National Party, after which it kept the name Democratic Alliance.

Healdtown College

ZA-COM-00649
Corporate body
1855–

Healdtown was a college in the Eastern Cape, a mission school of the Methodist church. Nelson Mandela enrolled at the college when he was 19 years old.

Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP)

ZA-COM-02171
Corporate body

Originally the Inkatha National Cultural Liberation Movement, known as Inkatha, it was established by Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi in 1975. Established as a political party on 14 July 1990 with Buthelezi elected as the leader. It promoted a federalist national government which would provide regional autonomy. The IFP joined the Freedom Alliance, a coalition with white right-wing groups to oppose the ANC. It threatened to boycott the 1994 elections but joined at the eleventh hour. It obtained 10.5 per cent of the national vote and three cabinet positions in President Nelson Mandela’s government. The IFP threatened to leave the GNU but did not.

National Party (NP)

ZA-COM-03995
Corporate body

Conservative South African political party established in Bloemfontein in 1914 by Afrikaner nationalists. Governing party of South Africa, June 1948 to May 1994. Enforced apartheid, a system of legal racial segregation that favoured minority rule by the white population. Renamed the New National Party in 1997; formed an alliance with the Democratic Party in 2001 and disbanded in 2004.

African National Congress National Working Committee (ANC NWC)

ZA-COM-04163
Corporate body

The ANC’s top structures between its National Conferences consist of the National Executive Committee which meets quarterly; the Officials (President; Deputy President, National Chairperson, Treasurer, Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary General) and the National Working Committee (NWC), made up of the Officials and up to a quarter of elected NEC members, plus representatives of the Women’s, Youth and Veterans leagues – the NWC implements NEC decisions and reports to the NEC.

New National Party

ZA-COM-03411
Corporate body

Originated in 1997 as a renamed National Party, which ruled the country from 1948 to 1994, in an attempt to distance itself from its apartheid past, and reinvent itself as a moderate, mainstream conservative and non-racist federal party. It formed an alliance with the Democratic Party in 2001 and disbanded in 2004.

Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM)

ZA-COM-03303
Corporate body

A small left organisation launched in 1943, which stressed non-collaboration with apartheid institutions and rejected race-based organisation, in contrast with the main political formations of the time. It had split by 1957 but some coming from its ranks continued to act in line with its approach, some of them being imprisoned on Robben Island, including Neville Alexander, Fikile Bam and Don Davies.

Organisation of African Unity (OAU)

ZA-COM-02260
Corporate body
1963-

Formed on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with thirty-two signatory governments and eventually including all of Africa’s fifty-three states excluding Morocco, which withdrew in 1984. It aimed to eradicate all forms of colonialism and white minority rule on the African continent. It also aimed to coordinate and intensify the cooperation of African states to achieve a better life for the people of Africa and to defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of African states. It was disbanded on 9 July 2002 by its last chairperson, South African President Thabo Mbeki, and replaced by the African Union.

Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC)

ZA-COM-02179
Corporate body
6 April 1959 -

Breakaway organisation of the ANC founded in 1959 by Robert Sobukwe, who championed the philosophy of ‘Africa for Africans’. The PAC’s campaigns included a nationwide protest against pass laws, ten days before the ANC was to start its own campaign. It culminated in the Sharpeville Massacre on 21 March 1960, in which police shot dead sixty-nine unarmed protesters. Banned, along with the ANC, in April 1960. Unbanned on 2 February 1990.

Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central and Southern Africa (PAFMECSA)

ZA-COM-04275
Corporate body

A regional grouping which preceded the Organisation of African Unity. In 1958 East Africans seeking liberation founded the Pan African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa. In 1962 it became the Pan African Freedom Movement for East Central and South Africa (PAFMECSA) when it broadened its scope to include Southern Africa. During that year Mandela addressed a PAFMECSA conference as he was visiting African countries to seek support for the ANC’s struggle.

South African Communist Party (SACP)

ZA-COM-00306
Corporate body

Established in 1921 as the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), to oppose imperialism and racist domination. Changed its name to the South African Communist Party (SACP) in 1953 following its banning in 1950. The SACP was only legalised in 1990. The SACP forms the Tripartite Alliance with the ANC and COSATU .

South African Reserve Bank

ZA-COM-02747
Corporate body

South Africa’s central bank

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

ZA-COM-02376
Corporate body

An intergovernmental organisation of fifteen Southern African states, established on 17 August 1992, which aims to further socio-economic cooperation and integration of its members. It was a successor to the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), which was established on 1 April 1980 when nine majority-ruled southern African countries signed the Lusaka Declaration ‘Towards Economic Liberation’.

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Showing 1997 results