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Archival description
Cape Town
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Tim Jenkin

Tim Jenkins, Papers re: Escape from Pretoria, drawings diagrams, keys, escape routes etc. Manuscript prepared for publication of the book mentions Nelson Mandela and his imprisonment.

Jenkin, Tim

ED Jacobs Collection

Handwritten letter from Mr. Nelson Mandela to the British public, thanking them for their generosity, dated 16th April 1990.

Jacobs, E.D.

Ahmed Kathrada

Collection of prison artefacts, correspondence, documents and study materials from Ahmed Kathrada's imprisonment (1964- 1989), as well as records from his release reflecting a number of the positions he held in public office and his various interests (1989-2002). Few items from the period prior to his imprisonment. Records related to Nelson Mandela from the prison years include letters to prison officials or Government signed by a number of prisoners protesting on bad condition. Requests to prison officials to spend time with Mandela once transferred from Pollsmoor. Lists of purchases requested by prisoners, signed copy of the Rivonia trial record. References to Nelson Mandela in letters to friends and family, document re Marxism and the ANC introduction by Nelson Mandela in letters to friends and family; documents re Marxism.
Records related to Nelson Mandela after their release includes the ANC (especially from conferences, NEC and NWC meetings from 1990's) records on honours and awards received by Mandela including the Nobel peace prize in 1993); records from Kathrada's role as Parliamentary counsellor in the office of the President (especially Mandela' state visit to India in1995) invitations for various events to Mandela or those held for him; newspaper clippings and publications on Mandela

Kathrada, Ahmed Mohamed (Kathy)

Legassick, Martin

Martin Legassick- photocopy of an encoded letter [1967] with an attached list of prisoners from
Robben Island in the period 1963-1965.

Legassick, Martin

Manuel Trevor and Matthews Lynne

Trevor Manuel and Lynne Matthews papers and publications
Documents relating to the liberation struggle in the Western Cape, focusing particularly on
community organisations. Consists mainly of records of the Cape Areas Housing Action Committee (CAHAC) and its affiliate structures in Kensington/ Factreton; Valhalla Park; Bishop Lavis;
Bonteheuwel; Hanover Park and other areas in the Western Cape. Includes minutes of meetings
correspondence community newsletter, pamphlets and memoranda, policy statements, guiding
principles of (CAHAC) etc.

Manuel, Trevor

Masemola, Japhta

Statement to police by former Robben Island political prisoner, Japhta Masemola dated 22-04-1963
and photographs.

Masemola, Japhta

Long Walk to Freedom

Proof pages of President Mandela's autobiography " Long Walk to Freedom" as sent to Scott Mac Leads in October 1994 by Little Brown editor, Bill Phillips
Donated by Scot Mac Leod , Time Life News Service

Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla

Jean and Himie Bernadt Collection

Law textbooks, most signed by Nelson Mandela, these were used by Nelson Mandela for his studies at the time of his incarceration in Robben Island and at Pollsmoor Prisons.

Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla

Mandela, Nelson

Mandela, Nelson Papers
Copies of 1960 MK/ANC flyers, signed by Nelson Mandela in 1993. Letter from the Borough of Middlesbrough welcoming his release and indicating support for the strengthening of international sanctions against the apartheid government, and for a non racial democracy in South Africa,11 June 1990.

Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla

Mbeki, Govan

Prison letters, prison writings, unpublished manuscripts, and a proposal for documentary on Govan
Mbeki (1992)

Mbeki, Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa

Padraig O'Malley

Audio interview with Nelson Mandela, conducted by Padraig O'Malley on the 12th December 2001. The subjects covered include:
Armed struggle and Operation Vula; Imprisonment on Robben Island and communications with the African National Congress (ANC) during the latter part of Mandela's imprisonment; Negotiations between the ANC and the Apartheid government.
Mandela's work in his post-presidential years.
Transcript available.

O'Malley, Padraig

Abe Berry Cartoon Collection

A collection of Abe Berry cartoons in the collection there is some cartoons on Nelson Mandela.

Netherlands Police Against Apartheid

Mfaxa, E.N.

E.N. Mfaxa papers and publications
Written memoirs re: treason trial; the political history of the PAC in exile, 1960-1990

Mfaxa, Elliot

Nelson Mandela

Handwritten letter by Nelson Mandela for the foreword of a book on the speeches of Oliver Tambo

Turok, Benjamin

Prof. Stan Ridge

Prof. Stan Ridge, Papers
UWC SRC affiliates, legal aid, student aid and funding 1988-1989, admissions Drama society
Pharmacy society, History Society, Islamic Society, constitutions of other universities.
Research requests
1990 special graduation for Nelson Mandela
Correspondence campus coordinator 1984
Cheques requisition and authorisation forms March 1991
Campus bulletin 1979-1982
Mbeki reception committee
Men's residence 1984-1986
Student teaching committee 1980-1982
Volleyball 1984-1985
Religious studies 1979
CUPC interview
Detentions 1985-1986; Detainees information sheet
UWC SRC election

Ridge, Stan

Omroep voor Radio Freedom

Omroep voor Radio Freedom Publications and papers
Publications relating to the anti- apartheid campaign of the Dutch Radio Freedom.

Radio Freedom

Robben Island General Recreational Committee Archive

Documents created by the General Recreational Committee that represented political prisoners on Robben Island. These include a handwritten transcript of a document by Nelson Mandela motivating that the African National Congress (ANC) and the government reach a negotiated political settlement.

-There is also a message from Mandela (during the period of his imprisonment) to Oliver Tambo.

Robben Island General Recreational Committee

Dr. Karel Roskam Collection

Audio interviews used in the Vara Radio (Netherlands) programme "Portrait of Mandela," including an excerpt of Nelson Mandela's 1961 interview conducted by an ITN journalist, and a copy of the completed documentary. Interviewees include Winnie Mandela, Allan Boesak, Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, Lord Bethell, Brian Bunting, Albert Dhlomo, Ben Turok and C Stork.

Roskam, Karel

Prison Regulations Petitions

Papers[1970]
Petition signed by political prisoners addressed to the Officer Commanding Robben Island prison
RE: Prison regulations, censorship of books and publications, censorship of letters and visits. Access to the library, warder prisoner relationships, contradictory instructions, on work days,
Medical treatment, hot water, music, film shows summary punishment, threats, etc, Photocopy

Robben Island political prisoners

Jenny Schreiner

Jenny Schreiner Collection of correspondence, discussion papers, maps, pamphlets etc. re:
The United Women's organisations/ United Women's Congress and Federation of South African Women, left non-UDF organisations 1980's; UDF campaigns includes Release Mandela campaign, Woodstock Residents Association, Anti-conscription, union material 1980's. Assortment of exhibits from Yengeni trial including ANC, SACP material, Fingerprint tests done by police.

Schreiner, Jenny

Roskam Karel

Roskam Karel Papers. Articles, radio texts, books journals etc.

Roskam, Karel

Reg September

Correspondence, treason trial, discussion papers, ANC, UDF, Five Freedoms forum, Broederbond, Black Sash.

September, Reg

Herbert Shore Collection

Collection of colour photographs of the African National Congress / Congress Alliance leaders, including Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Ahmed Kathrada, Moses Kotane, Yusuf Dadoo and Dan Tloome, gathered on the roof of Kathrada's flat at Kholvad House in Johannesburg during the 1950s.

Shore, Herbert

Lapinsky Shiela

Lapinsky Shiela consists of papers and publications
Document on and by the United Democratic Front (UDF) mainly from the Western Cape
journals campaigns papers- Release Mandela Campaign administrative papers.
Umsebenzi draft constitution of the ANC : Harare declaration: a paper on addictions drugs etc.
T shirts.

Shiela, Lapinsky

Congress of Democrats

Correspondence, minutes, regional and branch news, publications and reports of the Congress of Democrats
Subjects covered include:
Attempts to solicit support for a National Convention in opposition to the inauguration of South Africa
as a Republic. Nelson Mandela’s participation in the PAFMECSA conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 1962. Public meetings and demonstrations, protesting the arrest of Nelson Mandela in 1962. The inauguration of the Republic of South Africa. Biographical profiles of Nelson Mandela.

Turok, Ben

Raymond Tucker

Raymond Tucker
Correspondence concerning transfer of monies from international donor to Nelson Mandela.
Correspondents include Raymond Tucker, WH Frankel 1992.

Tucker, Raymond Jack

Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College

Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College Papers and publications, 1970-1980. Report on the 10th anniversary celebrations of the SOMAFCO from Monday 21 August 1989 to Friday 25 August 1989 in Mazimbu, Tanzania, Education for liberation/Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College 10 years 1979-1989 publication produced by the ANC department of education, Lusaka SOMAFCO official opening 21-23 August 1985/ publication produced by the ANC SOMAFCO Department of information and publicity includes release and visit of Nelson Mandela.

Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO)

Toni Strassburg

Press cuttings- 1960 State of emergency, Treason trail, Rivonia trial press cuttings re banning and house arrests: Hilda an Lionel Bernstein; Helen Joseph; Barbara Harmel; Michael Harmel;
Rica Hodgson; Jack Hodgson; Ann Nicholson; Brian Bunting; Roley Arenstein; Cecil Williams
Scrapbook containing miscellaneous news clippings mainly during the 1950's/ 60's period and
relating primarily to detentions
Toni Strassburg Papers, 1950-1960

Strassburg, Toni

Nelson Mandela

Handwritten document from prison by Nelson Mandela for the foreword of a book on the speeches of Oliver Tambo.

Turok, Ben

United Democratic Front (UDF)

United Democratic Front (UDF) Papers, 1956- Freedom Charter 1983; Release Mandela Campaign;
Western Cape Region

United Democratic Front (UDF)

Afravision / Video News Services

Unedited video footage of speeches and interviews delivered by Nelson Mandela after his release
from prison, as well as appearances at different events.
The collection includes coverage and reports on:
Mandela's isolation during the 1989 prisoner hunger strike, Celebrations of his release from prison, held at Soweto, Bisho, Durban, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. The 48th National Conference of the African National Congress (ANC) Press briefings on various issues, such as the Inkathagate.
Mandela's address to the nation on the assassination of Chris Hani, Freedom Charter rally at Kliptown, Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA).Congress of South African Trade Union (COSATU) congresses, Boipatong massacre. Interviews conducted for a five-part documentary series on the history of the ANC Ulibambe lingashoni - Hold Up The Sun

Video News Services

Umkhonto we Sizwe

Collection of photographs of Nelson Mandela meeting Umkhonto we Sizwe cadres in African National Congress (ANC) camps, after his release from prison. Nelson and Winnie Mandela are featured in the photographs, and are wearing military uniforms.

Umkhonto weSizwe (MK)

Umkhonto we Sizwe

Umkhonto we Sizwe
Publication: Submit or fight: 30 years of Umkhonto we Sizwe/the history of the people's army/
Published by the political Education Section of the ANC, 29pp.
Newsletters - Umkhonto we Sizwe 30 fighting years 16 December 1961- 16 December 1991/
Issued by the ANC department of information and publicity, Marshalltown.
Umkhonto we Sizwe born of born of the people issued by ANC Lusaka- Statement of the NEC of the ANC delivered by President O R Tambo on heroes day, December 16 1986 on the 25th anniversary of MK.
Dawn / Journal of Umkhonto we Sizwe Souvenir Issue/ 25th anniversary of MK 56pp.
Photographs: released Robben Island political prisoners April 1991 including Ashley Forbes,
Vincent Diba, Nikko Pedro, Anwa Dramat, Mabulala Nene, Meyiwa, Mxolisi Petane, Joseph Ngoma; Nelson Mandela in MK camps [1990]

Umkhonto weSizwe (MK)

Robben Island

Items recorded and maintained by the prisoners, including internal correspondence, minutes of meetings, reports and discussion papers, orders for equipment as well as other miscellaneous material. Sports activities the organisation and maintenance of such activities in Robben Island. The education of prisoners by prisoners, including formal education (primary and secondary schooling) political education and the Mrabulo materials.

UWC- Robben Island Museum Mayibuye Archives

Vasson Mukesh

Documents and press cuttings relating to student struggles in the early 1980's. Focuses strongly
on the Azanian Students Organisation. The news cuttings also report on the student struggles in
the Bantustans. They also refer to the differences between AZASO and AZAPO and the
cooperation between AZASO and COSAS. Newscuttings on the Mpondo revolt of 1960. A draft thesis and related research material exploring the power relations in Pondoland during the revolt. This collection gives a focused analysis of the changing face role of the chieftaincy & tribal
authoritarianism in the former Transkei. The focus is on Flagstaff & Lusikisiki. Two unrelated items in the collection are i) Mass Democratic movement statement on Winnie Mandela and ANC 1949 Programme of action.

Vasson, Mukesh

Desmond Tutu Personal Papers

Incoming and outgoing correspondence concerning Nelson Mandela. Includes:
Letter from Archbishop Trevor Huddleston requesting that Archbishop Tutu serve as a patron of the Nelson Mandela International Reception Committee (1990). Response from Archbishop Tutu’s office to Saka Acquaye (Ghana) about the separation of President Mandela and Mrs. Winnie Mandela’s (1994). Letter from A .Boraine about the possibility of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison (1985). Letter from the State President’s office concerning the Nobel Committee’s decision to award the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize to Mandela (1993). Correspondence from Archbishop Tutu to the Minister of Justice requesting permission to visit Robben Island and Pollsmoor prisoners (1987), and a request to visit Nelson Mandela at the Constantia berg Clinic (1988). Letter from Archbishop Tutu to the State President, in appreciation of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison (1990). Invitation to a United Nations Human Rights Day in honour of Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk (1993).

Tutu, Desmond Mpilo

Trevor, Wentzel

Trevor Wentzel, Letter to the state president 8th March re: response to offer of conditional release:
List of political prisoners and in some cases prison numbers.

Wentzel, Trevor

South African Clothing and Textile Workers Union

Natal Joint Crisis Committee: Reports and correspondence relating to the violence in Natal and to the meeting aimed at reducing the violence : Correspondents include E. Barayi, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, John Copelyn, Arch Bishop Denis Hurley, A. Gumede, Nelson Mandela and Willies Mchunu.

Womens' National Coalition

Eli Weinberg Collection

Collection of photographs covering Nelson Mandela's role in some of the major political events of the 1950s and early 1960s period. The collection has documents on Anti-pass law demonstrations and the Defiance Campaign. The collection also includes a series of photographs of the wedding of Nelson and Winnie Mandela, and various portraits of Nelson Mandela.

Weinberg, Eli

Zwelakhe Simon Xamlashe

Xamlashe, Zwelakhe Simon Writings
re: Involvement in the liberation struggle and imprisonment on Robben Island. Correspondence from Walter Sisulu's office May 1993 A tribute to Nelson Mandela.

Xamlashe, Zwelakhe Simon

Helen Suzman

Collection includes documentation concerning the following:
Helen Suzman's visits to Robben Island and Victor Verster prisons (1967, 1982, and 1985). Reports on prison conditions at Robben Island, submitted by Nelson Mandela and Neville Alexander (1967). Law text books to be sent to Nelson Mandela (1974). Robben Island geographical information, conditions and treatment of prisoners. Lord Nicholas Bethell's interactions with Nelson Mandela. Includes documents about the possible release of Nelson Mandela.

Suzman, Helen

African National Congress German Mission Records

Records of the African National Congress German Mission. The collection has
An interview with Winnie Mandela by Africa Now concerning Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment, December 1982. Correspondence, memoranda, resolutions and working principles of the Release Mandela Campaign (RMC) (1980 - 1988). Letters to Mandela from children in Germany (1988). News clippings concerning Mandela (1985 -1990). Correspondence, memoranda and statements of the Mandela International Release Committee. Correspondence and programmes in relation to Mandela’s visits to Germany (1990 - 1993). Miscellaneous materials concerning international awards conferred on Mandela such as the Nehru Award, published speeches, statements and tributes (including 70th birthday tributes) and a statement by Oliver Tambo on the conferment of the Nehru Award on Mandela.
- News clippings, including reports of CIA involvement in Mandela’s arrest in 1962.
- Nelson Mandela concert in Hamburg
- Nelson Mandela exhibition on the struggle
- Speeches 1961- 1964

African National Congress (ANC) German Mission

Sylvia Neame Papers

The personal papers of Dr. Sylvia Neame, including a statement delivered by Mary Benson to the Ad Hoc Working Group on Human Rights on Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment and Robben Island prison conditions. The collection also includes biographies of ANC leaders, published statements, articles and news clippings concerning Mandela

Neame, Sylvia

Govan Mbeki Papers

The personal papers of Govan Mbeki, including:
Part one of the State’s concluding address at the Rivonia Trial. A memorandum concerning prison conditions on Robben Island. Nelson Mandela’s 1996 address to the British parliament. Supreme court: Govan Mbeki and Nelson Mandela
Mandela visit to Tanzania 1990

Mbeki, Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa

Oliver Tambo Papers

The personal papers of Oliver Tambo. The collection includes:
News clippings from South African and international newspapers concerning the arrest of Nelson Mandela in 1962, his court appearances, and calls for his release from prison (1962 -1988). Correspondence concerning the PAFMECSA conference held in Ethiopia addressed to all member governments, a letter from the ANC London office concerning the arrests of Mandela and Walter Sisulu, and a cable from the Somali Minister of Foreign Affairs to Tambo re: Mandela’s arrest (1962). News clippings in the build up to and aftermath of Mandela’s release from prison (1990 - 1991). News clippings, programmes and itineraries concerning Mandela’s visits to the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Japan, Malaysia, Australia, Geneva, Botswana and other countries (1990 - 1991).
Reports on campaigns for the release of political prisoners, including reports from Robben Island, and on Lord Nicholas Bethel's meeting with Mandela. Also includes a 1970 report by Mandela about prison conditions on Robben Island (1970 - 1989). Correspondence from Mandela, written from Pollsmoor Prison, to Oliver Tambo and a number of other individuals. Original letters to Tambo, as well as transcripts of letters written to Nthato Motlana, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Sheila Weinberg and Desmond Tutu, amongst others. Also included is a letter of thanks to Mrs. Bhalla of the Indian Council for the 1979 Jawaharlal Nehru Award and a letter of sympathy on the death of Seretse Khama (1978 - 1989). Media reports concerning Mandela, including cables. Includes reports by Radio RSA, internal media monitoring, an African National Congress (ANC) statement on Mandela’s health, and of a visit to Mandela by Robert Brown (1985 - 1990). Correspondence, reports and messages concerning international support for Mandela’s release from prison. Subjects covered include tributes on his 60th and 70th birthdays, and awards and honours conferred on Mandela, particularly through the work of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement (1984).
Statements and correspondence concerning the assassination of Chris Hani (1993). Video recordings of various events before and after Mandela’s release from prison. These include the 1990 Free Mandela Concert at Wembley Stadium and Mandela’s 1990 visit to Lusaka (1988 - 1990).
Correspondence, lists and statements by Oliver Tambo concerning awards and honours conferred on Mandela. These include honorary degrees, Freedom of the City awards, artistic attributes and facilities named after Mandela. The correspondence is primarily between Oliver Tambo and heads of / representatives of awarding countries and institutions. The awards include the Simon Bolivar Prize, the naming of a road in Mandela’s honour in Botswana, and awards conferred by the Sandinista National Liberation Front of Nicaragua, the Jamaican Human Rights Organisation, the University of Carabobo of Venezuela, and the Karl Marx University of the German Democratic Republic (1983 - 1990). Correspondence and statements concerning international calls for, and, Mandela’s release from prison. These include correspondence about a resolution passed by the African Symposium on African Orality in Nigeria, and a statement by the president of the Republic of Senegal after Mandela’s release. Other correspondents include Senator Michael J Williams of Trinidad and Tobago, OJ Masire of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO), and the Communist Party of Sweden (1989 - 1990). Correspondence from Tambo to Mandela and to the Mandela family (1991 - 1992).

Speeches delivered in Mandela’s honour.
Drafts of plays and books written about Nelson Mandela, the drafts include No Easy Walk to Freedom, Nelson Mandela and the Rivonia Trial and What is to be done’.
Published and unpublished statements and speeches of Mandela, 1962 - 1991.
Correspondence and memoranda relating to the Nelson Mandela National Reception Committee (1989 - 1990).
Biographical

Tambo, Oliver Reginald

The Nationalist (Tanzanian newspaper)

1964, Race war in S.A. imminent
S Africa accuses UThant of partiality. Churches urged to act on South Africa. Widespread police raids follow Job bombing. ANC praises Mwalimu's stand on South Africa. Freedom leader asks for S.A. action including the release of Nelson Mandela, South African issue, South African police resume raids on Cape Town Homes increased prison repression on political prisoners. We regret to announce their deaths, Vuyisile Mini, Wilson Khayingo, Zinakile Mkaba ( Dulcie et decorum) Hanged in Pretoria.

Nationalist

The Tanganyika Standard (Daily Newspaper in Tanzania )

Newspaper articles on South Africa 1963
Hard bargaining between western powers and South African States: Arms embargo on South Africa. Liberation a burden for all Africa, More arms support arms embargo to South Africa, End trading with South Africa Nyerere, South Africa urged to heed U.N. and strive for racial harmony: Uthant attacks apartheid, S.A. on brink of disaster, Four escape S.A. police, Escape trio on way, Cell guards coshed in escape - police: SA. Exits watched, Expel S. Africa call to U.N.: Arms blockade suggested, Mystery fire at airport delays Goldreich's arrival in Dar, Escapers due in second freedom flight, Airline doubts over safety: EAA recalls rescue plane: flight To Mbeya, Goldreich and Wolpe fly out: Stops in Federal territory avoided, ANC fearful of another kidnap plot, Beware of the avalanche South Africa told. The Hodgsons in Tanganyika and fighting on, Goldreich and Wolpe "evil traitors, Scandinavians give Verwoed a chance: Find alternative to apartheid. Daily Newspaper in Tanzania on South Africa.

Tanganyika Standard

Nelson Mandela Compilation

Selection of stories on South African leader Nelson Mandela- comprises of 61 clips with Nelson Mandela in different occasions.

Mandela's USA visit 1990

ca 115 items. Press cuttings audio video recording of interviews, news broadcasts TSS of television covering Nelson Mandela's visit to the USA.

Leo Marquard Papers

Collection by Leo Marquand include statement made in court by Nelson Mandela from The observer and a statement made by Bram Fischer from the UN general assembly.

Cape Democrats Papers

The collection consists of minutes, correspondence, ANC information packs, conference papers includes correspondence by Nelson Mandela to the Cape democrats in 1989.

Newspaper Clippings

Newspaper articles from The Irish Times, The Guardian, New York Herald Tribune reporting on the Rivonia or sabotage trial of 1962-1964. Includes newspaper clippings on the raids, the death and burial of Albert Luthuli in 1967.

Ruth First Papers

The personal papers of Ruth First
The collection is made up of background material, correspondence and reviews concerning "No Easy Walk to Freedom" edited by Ruth First. Printed copies of Nelson Mandela’s speech at the Rivonia Trial. Drafts of sections of the book, and a typescript of Mary Benson’s statement before the UN Special Committee on Apartheid in 1964, with handwritten alterations. Correspondence, mainly between Ruth First and Heinemann Publishers, as well as clippings of newspaper reviews.
Material on political detention between 1963 and 1970, including a copy of the 1963 Detention Act, a radio script by Mary Benson entitled "Nelson Mandela and the Rivonia Trial," and notes produced by Ruth First. Press releases and conference papers concerning the Symposium on the exploitation of Blacks in South Africa and Namibia, organized by the United Nations in 1978, with observances of the 60th birthday of Nelson Mandela.
Transcripts of interviews with Robben Island political prisoners. Correspondence from friends and acquaintances, and materials from South African newspapers concerning the Rivonia Trial.

First, Ruth

Nelson Mandela's address to rally in Cape Town on his release from prison

  • ZA COM MR-S-016
  • Item
  • 11 February 1990
  • Part of Speeches

First public speech by Mandela in 27 years, after his release from prison. Mandela ends this address with a quote from his speech from the dock given at Rivonia trial in 1964. Note he is quoting from the prepared speech and not as he actually delivered at the trial. Both the verbatim and prepared speeches are reproduced.

Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla

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