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country and more particularly in the liberation movement. One of these was the emergence of the Pan Africanist Congress under the leadership of Robert Sobukwe, then lecturing on African languages at the university of Witwatersrand. In 1955 I wrote in "Liberation" under the pen name Dalibunga Ngubengcuka an article in which I discussed the activities of a clique within the ANC and predicted that they would finally emerge as an independent organisation. This occurred in April 1959.

The immediate cause for the breakaway was their objection to the Freedom Charter which they attacked on four main grounds. They objected to the clause in the preamble that our people had been robbed of their birthright to land, liberty and peace by a form of government founded on injustice and regarded this statement as an over generous concession to whites and inaccurate for whites had never been deprived of their birthright to land and liberty.

They also attacked the principle of inter racial co operation which forms the central theme of the Charter and announced that under their leadership Africans would conduct their own independent struggles. They rejected the co operation of Indians and whites but opened their doors to Coloureds on the grounds that the latter had no other home except South Africa. In fact their most vicious accusation was that Indians and whites dominated the policy of the ANC in the "Consultative Committee" which was made up of representatives of the Joint Executives of the Congresses.

They labelled the Charter as a communist inpired document and sought to substantiate the