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with hundreds of his people, after putting up a courageous fight, had to flee to Bechuanaland. Between 1958 and 1960 the people of Sekhukhuneland revolted. The acting Paramount Chief Moroamoche, Godfrey Sekhukhune and other councillors were banished and no less than 338 people were arrested. For the assassination of a chief who was a government stooge and his bodyguard Madinoge and 13 others were sentenced to death. By 1960 the resistance reached the point of open defiance in which the people refused to pay taxes and to co operate with the government in the implementation of the socalled rehabilitation scheme. The disturbances were so widespread that between 1958 and 1961 a strong police force was stationed to patrol the area.

Between 1959 and 1960 considerable unrest errupted in Eastern Pondoland in opposition to Bantu Authorities. Government stooges were killed, stabbed, assaulted and their homes burned down. In June 1960 the police, according to official reports, killed 11 Africans but eye witnesses put the figure as high as 30. The situation in the whole area was so explosive that Paramount Chief Botha Sigcau had to flee from his area. It was from this area and during this period that Anderson (?) Ganyile was deported. In January 1961 the Minister of Justice announced in parliament that 4794 Africans and 2 whites had been arrested and imprisoned in this area under the emergency regulations. Units of the defence force assisted the police in patrolling Eastern Pondoland.

Thembuland and Zululand fiercely resisted the introduction of the system and they were amongst the last areas to yield after almost all the areas had been forced to accept it. Although the police atrocities were not as blatant as in Zeerust, Sekhukhuneland and Eastern Pondoland, opponents of