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outlived his Bloc. Lastly, the Indian Organisation and the Coloured Peoples National Union remained aloof from the Campaign and said very little about it.

The man we should have treated with more respect than we did and whose views we should have examined more carefully was Dr. Xuma, former head of the ANC. He saw us about the same time as Reinaldt Jones and Ballinger and thought that the Campaign had made a significant impact, that sooner or later it would lose its momentum and that it would be wise to call it off before it fizzled out on its own. To stop the Campaign when the masses where still on the offensive would be a shrewd move, he reasoned with us, and would pave the way for even greater success when we resumed. But we were flushed with success and so full of fight that we brushed aside his sober assessment of the position and in the process we drove the people to the point of exhaustion.

Secondly in planning the Campaign we made the mistake of relying mainly on the fact that the offences that were to be committed would involve comparatively light sentences and, although during the Campaign we frequently warned against government reprisals and although volunteers showed a high standard of determination and discipline and braved numerous hardships, including assaults by the police and jail warders and even whipping, in actual fact we never worked out any effective answer to the drastic measures the government were to use subsequently.

In spite of the careful way in which the volunteers were screened and the high standard of discipline they maintained, the police penetrated some of our local branches and, in one case, a detective